Not totally all product that has been taped had been coded. As our focus ended up being on scripted development, we excluded news that is daily, game shows, sports programs and occasions, and paid development, in addition to all types of commercials along with other promotions ( ag e.g., teasers for community shows). Although music videos had been taped, these people were coded and analyzed individually because of the unique faculties and therefore are maybe not reported right right here. The analyses introduced in this paper, but, do are linked here the video that is nonmusic from cable music activity stations including talk programs, variety/comedy shows, and truth programs. In addition, implies that had been incomplete simply because they started before 3:00 p.m. or ended after 11:00 p.m. weren’t coded. Finally, episode repeats had been eradicated from the test.
The sample that is final the 2001 2002 period contained 1,276 unique system episodes, whereas the final test when it comes to 2002 2003 season included 1,439 unique system episodes. The test for the 2nd content analysis ended up being significantly bigger than the very first 12 months’s test even as we produced concerted work in 12 months 2 to make sure that we had three episodes of each and every nonsyndicated show. Despite strict adherence into the sampling plan, extra taping had been needed whenever, for instance, new programs joined the autumn lineup following the beginning of the year to replace for cancelled programs or once the day and time slot for a string ended up being changed.
Measures
The codebook for the bigger study ended up being based considerably in the factors produced by Kunkel and colleagues (1999, 2001, 2003) within their content analyses conducted for the Kaiser Family Foundation. We created extra things, including those on exact same intercourse intimate behavior and sexual talk linked to nonheterosexuals. In comparison to Kunkel and peers, whom utilized the scene due to the fact unit that is primary of, our content analyses involved coding for intimate content in 2 moment periods of system time. Because scenes differ quite a bit in total and, hence, usually do not offer a continuing product of measure in making evaluations across programs, we utilized a coding that is standard considering time. Coding news development in designated time periods has been utilized usually by other scientists conducting content analyses across different system genres including films, detergent operas, and music videos (Hazan, Lipton, & Glantz, 1994; Lowery, 1980; Roberts, Christenson, Henriksen, & Bandy, 2002; Roberts, Henriksen, & Christenson, 1999; Sommers Flanagan, Sommers Flanagan, & Davis, 1993; Stockwell & Glantz, 1997; Terre, Drabman, & Speer, 1991).
For purposes with this content analysis, intercourse ended up being understood to be any depiction of sex, intimately suggestive behavior, or any speak about sex or sex. To be conservative and prevent overcoding content that is sexual communications about intercourse were differentiated from nonsexual communications linked to relationship and relationships, that have been maybe not coded. As an example, a declaration such as “i enjoy my boyfriend” wouldn’t be coded whereas a declaration such as “I made want to my boyfriend” will be coded.
Exact exact Same intercourse intimate behavior
Every 2 minute period that were coded as containing a minumum of one sort of sexual intercourse monitored in the primary coding task flirting, kissing, intimate touching, intercourse suggested, sexual activity depicted, as well as other intimate behavior 2 has also been assessed for the existence of exact exact same intercourse intimate behavior. Because of this product, programmers utilized a yes/no response format to point whether some of the sexual behavior depicted within the period took place between two different people associated with exact same sex.
Speak about nonheterosexual issues that are sexual
Each 2 interval that is minute have been coded as containing one or more instance of talk through the intimate talk categories utilized in the primary coding task ( ag e.g., reviews about own/others’ intimate actions or passions, explore sexual activity which includes currently occurred, speak about sex crimes) has also been coded for whether some of the intimate talk associated with nonheterosexuals. With this product, programmers once once again utilized a yes/no response format to point whether some of the intimate talk reflected the intimate passions or issues of nonheterosexual individuals. Usually, such feedback regarding gays and lesbians, although periodically these were related to bisexuals.